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Functions for computing remote sensing band indices on Digital Earth Africa
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    Takes an xarray dataset containing spectral bands, calculates one of
    a set of remote sensing indices, and adds the resulting array as a
    new variable in the original dataset.

    Last modified: July 2022

    Parameters
    ----------
    ds : xarray Dataset
        A two-dimensional or multi-dimensional array with containing the
        spectral bands required to calculate the index. These bands are
        used as inputs to calculate the selected water index.
        
    index : str or list of strs
        A string giving the name of the index to calculate or a list of
        strings giving the names of the indices to calculate:
        
        * ``'ASI'``  (Artificial Surface Index, Yongquan Zhao & Zhe Zhu 2022)
        * ``'AWEI_ns'`` (Automated Water Extraction Index, no shadows, Feyisa 2014)
        * ``'AWEI_sh'`` (Automated Water Extraction Index, shadows, Feyisa 2014)
        * ``'BAEI'`` (Built-Up Area Extraction Index, Bouzekri et al. 2015)
        * ``'BAI'`` (Burn Area Index, Martin 1998)
        * ``'BSI'`` (Bare Soil Index, Rikimaru et al. 2002)
        * ``'BUI'`` (Built-Up Index, He et al. 2010)
        * ``'CMR'`` (Clay Minerals Ratio, Drury 1987)
        * ``'ENDISI'`` (Enhanced Normalised Difference for Impervious Surfaces Index, Chen et al. 2019)
        * ``'EVI'`` (Enhanced Vegetation Index, Huete 2002)
        * ``'FMR'`` (Ferrous Minerals Ratio, Segal 1982)
        * ``'IOR'`` (Iron Oxide Ratio, Segal 1982)
        * ``'LAI'`` (Leaf Area Index, Boegh 2002)
        * ``'MBI'`` (Modified Bare Soil Index, Nguyen et al. 2021)
        * ``'MNDWI'`` (Modified Normalised Difference Water Index, Xu 1996)
        * ``'MSAVI'`` (Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index, Qi et al. 1994)
        * ``'NBI'`` (New Built-Up Index, Jieli et al. 2010)
        * ``'NBR'`` (Normalised Burn Ratio, Lopez Garcia 1991)
        * ``'NDBI'`` (Normalised Difference Built-Up Index, Zha 2003)
        * ``'NDCI'`` (Normalised Difference Chlorophyll Index, Mishra & Mishra, 2012)
        * ``'NDMI'`` (Normalised Difference Moisture Index, Gao 1996)
        * ``'NDSI'`` (Normalised Difference Snow Index, Hall 1995)
        * ``'NDTI'`` (Normalised Difference Turbidity Index, Lacaux et al. 2007)
        * ``'NDVI'`` (Normalised Difference Vegetation Index, Rouse 1973)
        * ``'NDWI'`` (Normalised Difference Water Index, McFeeters 1996)
        * ``'SAVI'`` (Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index, Huete 1988)
        * ``'TCB'`` (Tasseled Cap Brightness, Crist 1985)
        * ``'TCG'`` (Tasseled Cap Greeness, Crist 1985)
        * ``'TCW'`` (Tasseled Cap Wetness, Crist 1985)
        * ``'WI'`` (Water Index, Fisher 2016)
        
    collection : str
        Deprecated in version 0.1.7. Use `satellite_mission` instead. 
        
        Valid options are: 
        * ``'c2'`` (for USGS Landsat Collection 2)
            If 'c2', then `satellite_mission='ls'`.
        * ``'s2'`` (for Sentinel-2)
            If 's2', then `satellite_mission='s2'`.
        
    satellite_mission : str
        An string that tells the function which satellite mission's data is
        being used to calculate the index. This is necessary because
        different satellite missions use different names for bands covering
        a similar spectra.

        Valid options are:

         * ``'ls'`` (for USGS Landsat)
         * ``'s2'`` (for Copernicus Sentinel-2)
         
    custom_varname : str, optional
        By default, the original dataset will be returned with
        a new index variable named after `index` (e.g. 'NDVI'). To
        specify a custom name instead, you can supply e.g.
        `custom_varname='custom_name'`. Defaults to None, which uses
        `index` to name the variable.
        
    normalise : bool, optional
        Some coefficient-based indices (e.g. ``'WI'``, ``'BAEI'``,
        ``'AWEI_ns'``, ``'AWEI_sh'``, ``'TCW'``, ``'TCG'``, ``'TCB'``,
        ``'EVI'``, ``'LAI'``, ``'SAVI'``, ``'MSAVI'``)
        produce different results if surface reflectance values are not
        scaled between 0.0 and 1.0 prior to calculating the index.
        Setting `normalise=True` first scales values to a 0.0-1.0 range
        by dividing by 10000.0. Defaults to True.
        
    drop : bool, optional
        Provides the option to drop the original input data, thus saving
        space. If `drop=True`, returns only the index and its values.
        
    deep_copy: bool, optional
        If `deep_copy=False`, calculate_indices will modify the original
        array, adding bands to the input dataset and not removing them.
        If the calculate_indices function is run more than once, variables
        may be dropped incorrectly producing unexpected behaviour. This is
        a bug and may be fixed in future releases. This is only a problem
        when `drop=True`.

    Returns
    -------
    ds : xarray Dataset
        The original xarray Dataset inputted into the function, with a
        new varible containing the remote sensing index as a DataArray.
        If drop = True, the new variable/s as DataArrays in the
        original Dataset.
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